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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is condition in which the women suffering from emotional , physical,and psychological disturbances that occur after ovulation and it will disappear with pregnancy and menopause. CAUSE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME The cause of premenstrual syndrome is not known but some researcher believe that may be the premenstrual syndrome is due to fluctuations ofContinue reading “PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME( MENSTRUAL PROBLEM)”

There are three phases in menstrual cycle. 1- proliferative phase. 2-Secretory phase. 3-menstrual phase PROLIFERATIVE PHASE This is also called follicular phase. It’s start from day’s 6 to 14 days after menstruation period. In this phase pituitary gland release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) which is responsible for maturation of follicles. FSH stimulate the ovary toContinue reading “PROLIFERATIVE PHASE, SECRETORY PHASE, MENSTRUAL PHASE.”

It is started from First day of menstrual period to continue till 5th day. If the sperm and ovum not fertilized at ampulla of the fallopian tube Then the corpus luteum stop produce progesterone hormone which is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy or for intact of endometrium to sustain pregnancy. The corpus luteum sinks intoContinue reading “MENSTRUAL PHASE”

The first period of females is called menarche. The normal age of menarche between the age of 8 to 16 of the female. The average age of menarche in females is 12 years. The diet and hereditary factor affect the age of menarche. The last period of woman’s life is called menopause. After menopause theContinue reading “MENSTRUATION”

The mammary glands are modified sweat glands. It is situated anterior part of the female chest overlying the pectoralis muscle. The mammary gland also called breast. It is present in both male and female but it’s more developed in female. It widens from the second to sixth rib in the midclavicular line. The breast composedContinue reading “THE MAMMARY GLANDS”

It is cone shaped prominence present in the centre of the breast.areola is present around the nipple. It is present in fourth intercoastal space. The nipple contain smooth muscle fibres and nerve supply. 15 to 20 lactiferous ducts opens at the nipple through which the baby suck the breast milk. When the newburn baby suckingContinue reading “NIPPLE”

This is the outer part of breast. It is darker pigmented area around the nipple. The areolavdiameter is 2.5 cm. Small openings are present in the areola which is sebaceous glands. This sebaceous glands known as Montgomery’s glands which produce oils to moisturize and protect the skin. Mother should give entire areola in newburn babyContinue reading “AREOLA”

The female breast also known as mammary glands. It is situated over the chest muscle of the female. It is extend from second to sixth rib in midclavicular line. Lactiferous ducts also known as milk ducts. There is 15-20 lactiferous ducts situated in female breast. The lactiferous ducts transfer the milk from mammary gland (Continue reading “LACTIFEROUS DUCTS”

The female perineum devided into two triangle.the anterior triangle and posterior triangle.anterior triangle of perineum is called urogenital triangle It is surrounded by anteriorly by pubic symphysis laterally by pubic arch and posteriorly by a horizontal line between the two ischial tuberosities. The urogenital triangle consists of vaginal opening and urethral opening.

The perineum is diamond shape.it is surrounded by anteriorly pubic symphysis, posteriorly by tips of coccyx and laterally by ischial tuberosity. Between the two ischial tuberosity there is a horizontal line which devide the perineum into two triangle part . The upper triangle part is called urogenital triangle.( In which the urethral opening and vaginalContinue reading “ANAL TRIANGLE”

The female perineum is diamond shape.it is bounded anteriorly by pubic symphysis , posteriorly by tips of coccyx and anteriorly both sides bounded by pubic arch.ischial tuberosity situated both lateral side of the perineum.sacrotuberous ligaments situated lateraly both sides of perineum posteriorly.two ischial tuberosity devide by horizontal line and form into two triangle.anterior portion isContinue reading “PERINEUM”

Perineum is the area starting from buttom of the vulva to the anus.it is diamond shape.and it is situated in between the symphysis pubis and the coccyx.this area forms the floor of the pelvis.and in this area contain external sex organs and anal opening.